Yes, you can join together information from one type of record with information from another type of record using 'breadcrumbs'.  When you're choosing columns to add to a report you'll see that some options include a right arrow like this one  .  Choosing an option with a breadcrumb opens up another window which enables you to drill through to the fields that you'll find on another record.

In your example, you should start by creating a Person report and add columns as normal for the Person Name, their Email address and any other fields from a Person record that you want to include.  To add a column showing the Industry sector for the person's employer, choose the Employer   column, then choose Industry, as shown below (click to enlarge).

This will pull through the Employer's Industry sector column as shown below.

This theory applies throughout reporting allowing you to join together information from various record types.